Welcome, NASIRU ABUBAKAR, to the NITI Exam Hall

Please identify yourself and do a translation of the two texts below.
You have a maximum of 90 MINUTES beginning from now. Good luck.

SOURCE TEXT 1 - English-Hausa
Translate into Standard Hausa

Nigeria’s Foreign Policy and the Promotion of
​Peace, Development and Democracy

As Nigeria commemorate fifty years of independence from colonial rule in October 2010, it is important to review and assess Nigeria’s foreign policy on peace, development and democracy. Nigeria has come a long way in international relations, from the immediate post-independence era of the early 1960s when US President Lyndon B. Johnson kept confusing Nigeria with Algeria to this first decade of the new millennium when virtually every US household knows Nigeria, though unfortunately due more to the dubious distinction of its citizens’ involvement in global crimes, ranging from drug trafficking to fraud (419) and now terrorism following a botched attempted bombing of an aircraft in a US city on December 25, 2009, by a young Nigerian citizen. From the early 1960s when Britain was virtually Nigeria’s only trading partner, to which it exported primarily agricultural commodities, to the new millennium when Nigeria is one of the world’s major oil exporting countries and a major exporter of that commodity to the United States, Nigeria has become an important player in international relations, an assumed potential leader of Africa and a major contributor to international peacekeeping and peacebuilding operations, both regionally and globally.
Given its size, population and vast natural resource endowment, Nigeria was perceived at independence from colonial rule as a country destined to play crucial roles for progress and development throughout the world and a natural leader on the African continent. Although the immediate post-independence Balewa government defined broad foreign policy objectives, which it pursued rather cautiously, it set the stage for such a claim to leadership. For example, Nigeria opposed France’s testing of atomic weapons in the Sahara desert and severed diplomatic ties with France in 1961 as a result, became involved in peacekeeping operations in the Congo and in Lebanon, helped thwart a coup attempt in Tanzania, covertly funded and provided military assistance to the African National Congress in South Africa, and played a decisive role in the formation of the Organization of African Unity.
From the mid-1970s, Nigeria’s military leaders began to define the country’s foreign policy objectives in the context of its perceived power and continental aspiration for leadership. Under General Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo (1975 – 1979), Nigeria was a leader on African issues with an enthusiastic. Nigeria’s foreign policy objectives were more coherently defined than was hither to the case. Africa was made the centerpiece or cornerstone of Nigeria’s foreign policy. From the 1980s to 1990s, However, Nigeria’s foreign policy concerns shifted to a preoccupation with peacekeeping at the sub-regional level and economic diplomacy at the international level.

 SOURCE TEXT 2: Hausa-English

                                                          Nazarin Tarihi da Rubuta shi a Qarni na 18

Manufar malaman tarihi na wannan zamani namu ita ce binciken abubuwan da xan’adam ya yi a baya na tarihinsa domin a sami fahimta ta qwarai wajen ayyukansa. An dai sani cewa kowace qabila ta duniya tana da tarihin gargajiyarta gwargwadon qoqarinta da sha’awa tata da tarihin asalinta. Amma duk da wannan, tarihi bai zama wani abin kulawa ba a wajen jama’a kafin qarni na 18 daga haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S) kenan. Kafin wannan qarni ba a cika mai da ilimin tarihi muhimmin abu ba a cikin rassan ilimi, domin shi ba ya bayar da amsa a kan buqatun xan’adam na gaggawa a rayuwarsa ta yau da kullum.

Yunqurin farko a kan binciken tarihi da rubuta shi kafin qarni na 18 ya fara ne daga nazari a kan abubuwan da Qibxawa da Girkawa da Romawa suka rubuta na tarihin mutanen da. Kuma a daidai wannan lokaci ne aka samu wasu manazarta wajen bincikensu na tarihi da rubuta shi. Cikin irin waxannan marubuta akwai Herodotus na Girkawa wanda bincikensa na tarihi a duniyar lokacinsa ya kawo shi har Chadi da wasu wurare a Afirka ta yamma. Haka kuma akwai Thucydides na Romawa shi ma ya yi nasa yawon binciken tarihin.

To, waxannan mutane su ne suka fara fito da bincike a kan tarihi da rubuta shit un daga qarni na biyar kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S). Amma wani abin takaici shi ne bayan waxannan manazarta sun shuxe ba a sake samun wasu manazartan irin su sun gaje sub a. Wannan kuma wata alama ce wadda ta nuna gaskiyar abin da aka faxa a baya na halayen mutane wajen rashin kulawa da tarihi. Alqur’ani mai tsarki shi ne tushen yunquri na biyu wajen binciken tarihi da rubuta shi. Domin Alqur’ani shi ne ya fito da tarihin duniya wanda aka sani da wand aba a sani ba. Saboda wannan ne binciken tarihi ya zama qarfaffan ra’ayi a addinin musulunci.