WELCOME, HUSSAINI IBRAHIM, TO THE NITI EXAM HALL
Please identify yourself and do a translation of the two texts below.
You have a maximum of 100 MINUTES beginning from now. Good luck.
You have a maximum of 100 MINUTES beginning from now. Good luck.
SOURCE TEXT 1 - English-Hausa
Translate the following passage into Standard Hausa:
Oil price rises to $92.79 on output cut, may hit $107
The price of Nigeria’s Bonny Light, weekend, rose to $92.79 per barrel, from $90.88 per barrel, recorded last Tuesday as the impact of extended output cuts hit the market. Russia extended its voluntary crude oil export cut by 300,000 barrels daily until December 2023, while Saudi Arabia extended its 1 million daily supply cut into October 2023 to boost price stability. The price, which is the highest in 2023, showed an excess of $17.79 per barrel against the 2023 budget benchmark price of $75. supply cuts could lead to oil prices hitting $107 a barrel in 2024. In an interview with Financial Vanguard, an sector analyst, Prof. Omowumi Iledare, said Nigerians and others should expect prices to rise further, especially as oil inventories have reduced drastically in the United States. Iledare who is the Executive Director of Emmanuel Egbogah Foundation, stated: “Certainly, rising crude price is expected even though it may not be exactly $100 per barrel in the short run for some reasons. First, it will continue to rise because demand is growing. “Second, supply is declining because of geopolitics and inventory becoming low in the US. Interestingly too, reserves replacement is low, thus placing future supply at risk. Price, therefore will continue to inch up.” Similarly, in another interview with Financial Vanguard, the lead promoter, EnergyHub Nigeria, Prof. Felix Amieyeofori, said: “It is very possible that oil prices will cross the $100 per barrel level. First, the renewable sector is attracting more investment than oil globally. Some economies, including Saudi Arabia, have keyed into the global quest for a cleaner environment. Second, low investment, low production and export would continue to impact on the market in terms of price. Except, if something happens, we will likely witness a significant increase in price.” He also pointed out that consumers would have to pay more for petrol as refiners; currently paying more for crude oil stands to transfer the cost in the form of high fuel prices. Already, OPEC has identified Nigeria, as the least refining member with an average equivalent of 10,600 barrels per day, bpd in five years. |
|
SOURCE TEXT 2: Hausa-English
Translate the following passage into English:
Tarihin Fulani
Fulani dai ƙabila ce da tarihi ke turke asalinta tun ƙarni na 15 daga wasu manyan ’yankuna biyu da suke ƙasashen Senegal da kuma Guinea Conakry, wato Futa Toro da kuma Futa Jalloh. Daga nan ne suka ci-gaba da bazuwa cikin ƙasashen duniya musamman yammaci da kuma tsakiyar nahiyar Afirka domin nema wa dabbobinsu abinci da kuma ingantacciyar rayuwa. Kodayake babu tsayayyen adadi na yawan Fulani a duniya, amma kiyasi na nuna yawansu ya kai aƙalla miliyan 45, kuma sun fi yawa ne a ƙasashen yammacin nahiyar Afirka. Masanna tarihin Fulani sun ce, baya ga yammacin Afirka, Fulani na nan a ƙasashe da dama na nahiyar musamman tsakiyarta. Wani sashe na masu tarihi suna ƙarfafa cewa, Fulani ƙabila ɗaya ce, kuma daga tushe ɗaya suke. Sun shigo ƙasar Afirka ta yamma wato ta qetaren ƙasashen Larabawa daga wajen ƙasar Masar daidai gavar Kogin Nilu, sai suka bazu a manyan ƙasashen Afirika irin su Libiya da Laberiya da Maroko da Aljeriya da Mali da Barkina-Faso har suka kwararo cikin Nijeriya ta Arewa. A wata faɗar kuma an ce, Fulani sun fito daga ƙasar Senagal.
Fulani da suka shigo ƙasar Hausa jinsi ɗaya ne, sai dai sun kasu kashi biyu. Akwai Fulanin gida, waɗanda ake wa laqabi da Fulanin soro sannan akwai masu yawon kiwo a daji masu zaga ƙasa-ƙasa gari-gari ana yi musu laƙabi da Fulanin Daji (Makiyaya). Wata ɗabi’a da aka san Fulani da ita ce yawo da dabbobi daga wata ƙasa zuwa wata, kuma wannan ne dalilin da ya sa ake samun su a ƙasashe da dama musamman a nahiyar Afirka. Jihadin Shehu Usmanu Bin Fodio ne babban dalilin bazuwar Fulani a Nijeriya, inda Shehun ya kafa dauloli da kuma masarautun Fulani a arewacin ƙasar, a cewar Dakta Abubakar Girei, malami a Sashen Nazarin Harshen Fulfulde a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya da take Yola.
“Jihadin Shehu Ɗan Fodio ne ya kafa kusan manyan masarautun da ke arewacin Nijeriya inda ya danqa wa malamai kuma shehunai jagorancin waɗannan yankuna saboda adalcinsu, ba sarakuna ba kamar yadda ake cewa yanzu. Wannan shi ya sa Fulani suka fi yawa daga cikin waɗanda suke riqe da masarautun,” a cewar Dakta Girei. Manyan masarautun Fulani a Nijeriya sun haɗa da: Masarautar Fombinah ta Modibbo Adama da Masarautar Sokoto da Masarautar Kano da Masarautar Zazzau da Gwandu da Katsina da Gombe da sarauransu.
Fulani dai ƙabila ce da tarihi ke turke asalinta tun ƙarni na 15 daga wasu manyan ’yankuna biyu da suke ƙasashen Senegal da kuma Guinea Conakry, wato Futa Toro da kuma Futa Jalloh. Daga nan ne suka ci-gaba da bazuwa cikin ƙasashen duniya musamman yammaci da kuma tsakiyar nahiyar Afirka domin nema wa dabbobinsu abinci da kuma ingantacciyar rayuwa. Kodayake babu tsayayyen adadi na yawan Fulani a duniya, amma kiyasi na nuna yawansu ya kai aƙalla miliyan 45, kuma sun fi yawa ne a ƙasashen yammacin nahiyar Afirka. Masanna tarihin Fulani sun ce, baya ga yammacin Afirka, Fulani na nan a ƙasashe da dama na nahiyar musamman tsakiyarta. Wani sashe na masu tarihi suna ƙarfafa cewa, Fulani ƙabila ɗaya ce, kuma daga tushe ɗaya suke. Sun shigo ƙasar Afirka ta yamma wato ta qetaren ƙasashen Larabawa daga wajen ƙasar Masar daidai gavar Kogin Nilu, sai suka bazu a manyan ƙasashen Afirika irin su Libiya da Laberiya da Maroko da Aljeriya da Mali da Barkina-Faso har suka kwararo cikin Nijeriya ta Arewa. A wata faɗar kuma an ce, Fulani sun fito daga ƙasar Senagal.
Fulani da suka shigo ƙasar Hausa jinsi ɗaya ne, sai dai sun kasu kashi biyu. Akwai Fulanin gida, waɗanda ake wa laqabi da Fulanin soro sannan akwai masu yawon kiwo a daji masu zaga ƙasa-ƙasa gari-gari ana yi musu laƙabi da Fulanin Daji (Makiyaya). Wata ɗabi’a da aka san Fulani da ita ce yawo da dabbobi daga wata ƙasa zuwa wata, kuma wannan ne dalilin da ya sa ake samun su a ƙasashe da dama musamman a nahiyar Afirka. Jihadin Shehu Usmanu Bin Fodio ne babban dalilin bazuwar Fulani a Nijeriya, inda Shehun ya kafa dauloli da kuma masarautun Fulani a arewacin ƙasar, a cewar Dakta Abubakar Girei, malami a Sashen Nazarin Harshen Fulfulde a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya da take Yola.
“Jihadin Shehu Ɗan Fodio ne ya kafa kusan manyan masarautun da ke arewacin Nijeriya inda ya danqa wa malamai kuma shehunai jagorancin waɗannan yankuna saboda adalcinsu, ba sarakuna ba kamar yadda ake cewa yanzu. Wannan shi ya sa Fulani suka fi yawa daga cikin waɗanda suke riqe da masarautun,” a cewar Dakta Girei. Manyan masarautun Fulani a Nijeriya sun haɗa da: Masarautar Fombinah ta Modibbo Adama da Masarautar Sokoto da Masarautar Kano da Masarautar Zazzau da Gwandu da Katsina da Gombe da sarauransu.